غاده احمد عبدالله القويحص

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البحث (1):

عنوان البحث:

The Derivation Of Vocative
Exclamatives With The Particle ʔAya In Gulf Arabic

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تاريخ النشر:

02/08/2017

موجز عن البحث:

Research
into vocative exclamatives (VocEs) is based on the traditional grammar of
Standard Arabic (SA) which considers the structure of VocEs to be like that
of vocatives due to the use of the vocative particle yā. The problem with
this traditional view lies in the fact that it only accounts for VocEs in
terms of their similarity to vocatives, and identifies only one type of VocEs
with the particle yā that exists in SA. However, other types of VocEs, their
underlying structure and derivation have not been given much attention.
Therefore, this paper examines the syntactic structure and the derivation of
vocative exclamatives in Gulf Arabic with the particle ʔaya which does not
exist in SA. It provides an analysis of the data within the Minimalist
Framework and sheds light on the main differences between their structure and
that of vocatives in terms of definiteness and projection.

المؤتمرات العلمية:

المؤتمر (1):

عنوان المؤتمر:

Linguistics In The Gulf-5

تاريخ الإنعقاد:

29-30 March 2015

مكان
الإنعقاد:

Doha, Qatar

طبيعة المشاركة:

Oral Presentation

عنوان المشاركة:

A Syntactic Analysis Of Vocative
Exclamatives In Gulf Arabic

ملخص المشاركة:

Vocative exclamatives are a type of
exclamative sentence that include the vocative particle yā. Arabists
generally assumed that the structure of vocative exclamatives is similar to
that of vocatives. According to the traditional grammar of Arabic, the
underlying structure of vocatives in Modern Standard Arabic covertly contains
the verb ʔunādī “i-call”. This verb has been deleted after the
insertion of the vocative particle. What remains is the object, which becomes
the vocative noun. Vocative exclamatives have not seen much scholarly
attention especially the variety found in the Gulf dialects. It is found that
vocative exclamatives can be divided into three types based on their
syntactic structure:

1. yā + DP + Possessive Pronoun

2. yā + DP + DP2 +Possessive Pronoun

3. yā + DP +Possessive Pronoun + PP

These vocative exclamatives are found to be
verbless. How, then, to account for temporality and arguments selection? I
propose that the underlying structure of the verbless vocative exclamatives
includes a head, the nature of which differs depending on the type of
vocative exclamative and temporality. 
I also propose that vocative exclamatives are derived via ellipsis.

(1)       yā   ħadˤ-i-k!                           

prt   
luck-you                           

     
“How lucky you are!”           

The vocative exclamative in (1) is derived
from the following sentence:

 (2) ʔataʕajab            min         ħadˤ-i-k.

      
pres-exclaim   about    luck-fem-your

      
I exclaim about your luck.

      
When forming (1), the vocative exclamative (VocE) undergoes an
ellipsis operation at its initial part where the verb ʔataʕajab
“exclaim” and the preposition min “about” are deleted
following movement of the DP to the Spec of Focus. The vocative exclamative
particle yā replaces the deleted elements and licenses the ellipsis. In this
case, the underlying P selects a DP as its argument and the possessive
pronoun is attached to the DP in a construct state. This vocative
exclamatives can be interpreted in the present tense because the underlying V
carries the present tense feature.

(3) [VocEP [VocE yā] [Focus [DPi [D
ħadˤ/luck [Pro -k/your] [TP …. [VP…. [PP [P … [ ti ] ]]]]]]]]]

      
There is an alternative for this proposal in the derivation of (1) to
account for the past tense and argument selection. The underlying structure
of (2) before the ellipsis would include a copula instead of a preposition:

(4) yā  
ħadˤ-i-k              
kun-t-i            
bi-al-musābaqah!

    
prt    luck-fem-your
were-you-fem   at-the-game

            
How lucky you were at the game!

     
The ellipsis in (4) occurs at the final position where the copula and
its complement are deleted. This copula carries the past tense feature and
selects ħadˤ “luck” as its second argument.

      My argument, then, is the absence of an
overt VP in vocative exclamatives leads to two possibilities to identify the
element that selects arguments and carries [+TENSE] feature. The first
possibility is that an underlying P selects the vocative exclamative noun and
the matrix V ʔataʕajab “exclaim” bears the present tense feature.
The VocE noun moves from its position as a P complement to the Spec of Focus
before the ellipsis operation takes place. The alternative of this proposal
is that an underlying copula selects the vocative exclamative noun as its
second argument and bears the past tense feature. Here, the derivation of a
vocative exclamative triggers two movements: the movement of the Pro
“you” from the SC to T, and the movement of the SC “your
luck” to the Spec of Focus. Then, the copula with its complement is
crossed out and the VocE particle licenses the ellipsis.

المؤتمر (2):

عنوان المؤتمر:

The 9^th Saudi
Students’ Conference

تاريخ الإنعقاد:

13-14 February 2016

مكان
الإنعقاد:

Birmingham, UK

طبيعة المشاركة:

Oral Presentation

عنوان المشاركة:

The Derivation Of  Vocative Exclamatives With ʔAya In Gulf
Arabic

ملخص المشاركة:

Research
into vocative exclamatives (VocEs) is based on the traditional grammar of
Standard Arabic (SA), which considers the structure of VocEs to be similar to
that of vocatives due to use of the vocative particle yā (Sibawayh 1977 and
Hassan 2010). The problem with this traditional view lies in the fact that it
only accounts for VocEs in terms of their similarity to vocatives, and
identifies only one type of VocEs with yā that exists in SA. However, other
types of VocEs, their underlying structure and derivation have not been given
much attention. Therefore, this paper examines the syntactic structure and
the derivation of vocative exclamatives in Gulf Arabic with the particle ʔaya,
which does not exist in SA.

Since
Arabic dialects are not much studied, this research aims at investigating the
syntactic structures and properties of vocative exclamatives with ʔaya in
Gulf Arabic to enrich the linguistic data. This type of VocEs is worth
investigation because it does not exist in SA, and therefore, it has not been
tackled in the traditional grammar. These vocative exclamatives are verbless
which lead to examining their underlying structure and their derivation. I
argue that vocative exclamatives with ʔaya are derived from wh-exclamative
via ellipsis. I also propose that Focus contributes to the derivation of
vocative exclamatives and the VocE particle ʔaya licenses the ellipsis.

المؤتمر (3):

عنوان المؤتمر:

LILA ’16 / 3rd International
Linguistics And Language Conference

تاريخ الإنعقاد:

24-25 June 2016

مكان
الإنعقاد:

Istanbul, Turkey

طبيعة المشاركة:

Oral Presentation

عنوان المشاركة:

Rethinking And Vocative Vocative
Exclamative Particles In Arabic

ملخص المشاركة:

The
grammar of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) identifies one type of exclamatives
as vocative exclamatives (VocE) due to the use of the vocative (Voc) particle
yā (Sibawayh, 1977) and (Hassan, 2010). It only accounts for one type of VocE
particles that exists in MSA, which is yā, and focuses on the functions and
case-marking systems of Voc and VocE particles. However, the VocE particle ʔaya,
which exists in Gulf Arabic (GA), has not received much attention. In
addition, there is no in depth analysis of the properties or structures of
Voc and VocE particles in Gulf Arabic to the best of my knowledge. Therefore,
the aim of this research is to investigate the properties and structures of
VocE particles in GA, and identify the relationship between them and Voc particles
in MSA. It also aims at contributing a new approach towards the analysis of
these particles following Tsoulas (2016) in considering particles to be
complex and decomposable into two heads.

المؤتمر (4):

عنوان المؤتمر:

Manchester Forum In Linguistics

تاريخ الإنعقاد:

28-29 April 2017

مكان
الإنعقاد:

Manchester, UK

طبيعة المشاركة:

Oral Presentation

عنوان المشاركة:

A Syntactic Analysis Of Vocative
Exclamatives In Gulf Arabic

ملخص المشاركة:

This
research examines the syntactic structure and the derivation of verbless
vocative exclamatives (VocE) in Gulf Arabic providing an analysis of the data
within the Minimalist Framework (Chomsky 1995). It also sheds light on the
main differences between their structure and that of vocatives in terms of
word order, definiteness and functional features.

 I argue that vocative exclamatives are
derived via ellipsis and that and the VocE particle yā marks the sentence as
a vocative exclamative. I propose that Focus is a condition of the ellipsis
process and this ellipsis is licensed because of the Focus properties.

1.         yā  
ħallat-ha!                           
2. yā   saʕādat-ī!

prt  cuteness-her                         prt happiness-mine

“How
cute she is!”                     “How
happy I am!”

Each
of the VocEs in (1) and (2) has the following syntactic structure:

•           A pragmatic marker called a VocE
particle, which is placed in the head of the VocE.

•           This particle is followed by a FocP
with which is merged to create a VocEP.

•           FocP appears in the structure of
the vocative exclamative due to its necessity in hosting the DP prior to the
ellipsis operation of the TP.

•           A possessive pronoun is attached to
the Focused noun in a “construct state”, that is, two nouns are linked
together to specify a possessive relationship (Brustad, 2000).

I
argue that the vocative exclamative in (1) is derived from the following
sentence, and that its underlying structure can be represented as in (4):

3.         ʔataʕajab  min   
ħāllat-ha.

exclaim   about  
cuteness-her

“I
exclaim about her cuteness.”

4.         [VocEP [VocE yā] [FocP [DPi  ħallat-ha] [TP [T’ [T] [vP [v’ [v] [VP [V ʔataʕajab] [PP [P min] [ti … ] ]]]]]]]]

       The relationship between Focus and
ellipsis has been the interest of recent researchers (Rooth, 1992) (Winkler
and Schwabe, 2003) and (Winkler, 2005). This paper focuses on this
relationship particularly in vocative exclamatives in Gulf Arabic. The type
of ellipsis that a vocative exclamative undergoes is found to be a deletion
of fully projected elements, which include a VP and a PP. I, hence, propose
that the existence of these underlying elements is justified by the necessity
of the underlying P (min “about”) to select the DP that moves to the Spec of
the FocP, and the underlying V (ʔataʕajab “exclaim”) to mark the VocE with
the present tense. The VP and the PP are then deleted after the insertion of
the VocE particle, which maintains their meaning.

      The analysis has found that the
structure of VocEs and vocatives are distinct. Vocatives (Voc) disallow the
use of the definite article, while VocEs allow having it as in the following:

5.         yā að-ðakī!    [VocE]                6.  *yā al-walad.     [Voc]               

      prt 
the-smart                                    prt   the-boy

How
smart you are!                      
Boy!

The
interpersonal feature [i-p] and the second person feature [2p] associated
with the Voc particle are another distinct property of Vocs, which do not
exist in VocEs. These functional features are what trigger the derivation of
vocatives rather than the relation between Focus and ellipsis.