موجز عن البحث:
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During the period of 1910-1916,
in the times of annexing al-Hasa, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) witnessed
various relationships that contributed to its current face. The relationship
between the KSA and Britain was amongst the prominent relationships in that
era. In this context, the current study aims to investigate the annexation of
the al-Hasa under the rule of Ibn Saud and into direct contact with the
British, Ibn Saud’s relationship with the Ottomans, and the role of Captain
William Henry Shakespeare in the evolution of Anglo–Saudi relations. Besides,
it attempts to clarify the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Saudi
Arabia, specifically, where this relationship came about to realize the
strategic interests of both sides in the middle of the Arabian Peninsula.
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ملخص المشاركة:
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Ottoman authorities had clearly been
interested in intervening in any dispute within its affiliate states, to
demonstrate its power both to British authorities and those states. This was
made clear through the battle of Hadia, between Mubarak Al- Sabah and Ibn
Saud, against Saadoun bin Mansour Al-Sadoun, chief of the Al-Muntafiq tribe,
who had followers of Bin Sabah attacked and robbed. This made Bin Sabah
angry, and Bin Sabah asked Saadoun to return what had been stolen. However,
Saadoun and his companions ignored his
request. Consequently, Mubarak Al-Sabah sought the help of Ibn Saud to defeat
Saadoun in a battle, in March 1910, but Saadoun defeated Bin Sabah and Ibn
Saud’s forces. According to Saadoun, Ibn Saud entered this Battle because the
chief of Al-Muntafiq had formed an alliance with Zamel Al-Sabhan, the
guardian of the Emir of Hail, which was a threat to Ibn Saud. The Ottoman
documents demonstrate that Ibn Saud had sought assistance from Bin Sabhan,
who refused his request. Also, from the above, it seems that Ibn Saud was
involved in the war at Bin Sabah’s insistence. So, too, it appears that the
Ottoman Empire was not happy about the fighting between the two parties.
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ملخص المشاركة:
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In1900, the Ottoman Sultan
AbdülhamidII (reigned1876–1909) put out an appeal to Muslims of the world to
support the building of a railway connecting Damascus to the holy cities of
Medina and Mecca. Built by public subscription and with the advice of German
engineers, the line from Damascus reached Medinain1
908.Pilgrimswhoembarkedfrom Haydarpaşa station in Istanbul could now travel
all the way to Medina by rail. This reduced the journey formal most forty
days to five. Thousands of pilgrims from Russia, Central Asia, Iran and Iraq
also converged on Damascus to take the train. The railway never reached Mecca
and during the Arab Revolt (1916–18) against the Ottomans during the First
World War, parts of the railway were blownup by Lawrence of Arabia and his
Arab allies. Some sections of the railway in Jordan are still in use today.
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