مجال التميز | تميز دراسي وبحثي |
البحوث المنشورة |
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البحث (1): | |
عنوان البحث: |
COVID-19 Induced Hepatitis (CIH), Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of a Poorly Understood New Clinical Syndrome |
رابط إلى البحث: |
https://www.scienceworldpublishing.org/science-world/articlepdf/wjghe-1-119.pdf |
تاريخ النشر: |
18/07/2020 |
موجز عن البحث: |
Background: Covid-19 Induced Hepatitis (CIH), is a novel terminology which is used in this article for the first time in the medical literature. However, SARS-Cov-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a coronavirus that out-broke in December 2019 in China. Objective: To study the pattern of liver impairment in patients with Covid-19 as well as to find acceptable and practical diagnostic criteria of Covid-19 Induced Hepatitis (CIH). This review article gives new insight and guidance about the diagnosis of Covid-19 Induced Hepatitis (CIH), possible causes of liver damage and review of recently published data about the impairment of liver function in Covid-19 patients. Methodology: Extensive literature review of newly published data and study in PubMed cited journals and other international publisher journals. Research of all studies that reviewed liver derangement in COVID-19 was mainly reviewed. Statistical analysis of submitted data was checked using SPSS. PubMed Chinese language versions were also used. Results: 60% of patients with SARS can have abnormal liver functions. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) have noticeably been abnormal in around 14-53% of patients with Covid-19 (7/114, 6.14%) (P > .05). Impairment in liver enzymes, mainly ALT/AST, in severe Covid-19 pneumonia was significantly higher than patients with mild disease, with mean average (37.87±32.17 vs 21.22± 12.67;38.87 ± 22.55 vs 24.39 ± 9.79, P < .001). Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) had significantly less impaired liver synthetic function (32/114, 28.07%) compared to Covid-19 pneumonia (60/115, 52.17%), which has been demonstrated with high INR (P<0.01). Mild sinusoidal dilatation with lymphocyte infiltration, minimal, has been displayed in the liver tissue of 114 deceased with Covid-19 and liver impairment, which was obtained in one hour after their death (figure 1). Fatality among Covid-19 and CLD with Child T-P score A was 23.9%, and Child T-P score B 43.3% with 63.0% fatality among patients with Child T-P score C, Moon AL. (Figure 2A-B) Acute liver failure in Covid-19 has been reported only in 2 occasions, one adult, and infant who had recent liver transplant. Conclusion: Covid-19 Induced Hepatitis (CIH) is a new clinical syndrome, which can be defined as a ‘benign new transient hepatitis in a SARS-CoV-2 patients which I characterized by the following; Gradual onset, elevated AST and ALT, Dilated sinusoids with lymphocytic infiltration of liver parenchyma, non-Obstructive jaundice, stable Underlying liver disease and no Radiological new hepatobiliary changes.’ Using GADOUR criteria may support the diagnosis, however, sensitivity and specificity are yet to be established. Meticulous statistical studies need to be done before establishing overly sensitive scoring system can be reach. |
البحث (2): | |
عنوان البحث: |
Detection of serum cross-reactive antibodies and memory response to SARS-CoV-2 in pre-pandemic and post-COVID-19 convalescent samples |
رابط إلى البحث: |
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiab333/6308394 |
تاريخ النشر: |
23/06/2021 |
موجز عن البحث: |
Background: A notable feature of COVID-19 is that children are less susceptible to severe disease. Children are known to experience more infections with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) compared to adults. Little is known whether HCoV infections lead to cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Methods: We investigated the presence of cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (to spike(S)1, S1-receptor-binding receptor (S1-RBD) and nucleocapsid protein(NP)), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and neutralizing activity by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus neutralisation assay, in pre-pandemic sera collected from children(n=50) and adults(n=45), and compared with serum samples from convalescent COVID-19 patients(n=16). Results: A significant proportion of children (up to 40%) had detectable cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S1, S1-RBD and NP antigens, and the anti-S1 and -S1-RBD antibody levels correlated with anti-HCoV-HKU1 and -OC43 S1 antibody titers in pre-pandemic samples(p<0.001). There were marked increases of anti-HCoV-HKU1 and -OC43 S1 (but not anti-NL63 and -229E S-RBD) antibody titres in serum samples from convalescent COVID-19 patients(p<0.001), indicating an activation of cross-reactive immunological memory to β-coronavirus spike. Conclusions: We demonstrated cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pre-pandemic serum samples from children and young adults. Promoting this cross-reactive immunity and memory response derived from common HCoV may be an effective strategy against SARS-COV-2 and future novel coronaviruses. |
المؤتمرات العلمية |
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المؤتمر (1): | |
عنوان المؤتمر: |
British Society for Immunology Congress 2019 |
تاريخ الإنعقاد: |
02/12/2019 |
مكان الإنعقاد: |
Liverpool. UK |
طبيعة المشاركة: |
Poster presentation |
عنوان المشاركة: |
Mucosal responses to MERS-CoV and an adenovirus vectored MERS-CoV vaccine in Human Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of Children and Adults |
ملخص المشاركة: |
Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection has been reported in many countries worldwide with a high mortality rate. MERS is caused by MERS-CoV infection through human upper respiratory tract. Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) are mucosal immune organs in human upper airway, considered to be important in the immune defence against respiratory tract pathogens. Understanding immune responses induced in the NALT by MERS-CoV antigens and novel vaccines will inform future vaccine development against MERS. Objectives: To study T and B cell immune responses in human NALT from children and adults to inactivated MERS-CoV antigens and a novel Chimpanzee adenovirus vectored MERS-CoV vaccine (ChAdOx1 MERS-CoV S-clonal vaccine). Methods: Adenotonsillar mononuclear cells (MNCs) or memory T cell (CD45RO+) depleted MNCs were prepared, and co-cultured with the ChAdOx1 MERS-CoV vaccine (expressing the spike protein), Heat Inactivated (HI) or Irradiated-MERS-CoV antigens. The co-culture was performed with or without a mucosal adjuvant (CPG-DNA, MPLA or Endocine), followed by measurement of IFN-g and anti-MERS-CoV specific IgG antibody production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results: Significant production of IFN-g in tonsillar MNCs were shown in response to stimulation by the Chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine and the MERS-CoV antigens, with or without adjuvants. Although variations between individuals were observed, IFN-g production was detected in tonsillar MNCs isolated from most children (n=10) and adults (n=8). Anti-MERS-CoV IgG antibodies following irradiated MERS-CoV stimulation were also detected in NALT from some of the subjects (n=5). Conclusion: Significant mucosal immune response in human NALT was detected following stimulation by inactivated MERS-CoV antigens or a Chimpanzee adenovirus vectored MERS-CoV vaccine expressing the Spike protein antigen. Mucosal immunisation may be an important vaccination strategy against MERS-CoV infection in humans. Further studies to investigate the immunogenicity of MERS-CoV antigens and the vaccine including cytokine profiles in-addition to functional T/B cell immunity are currently on-going. |
https://cdn.eventsforce.net/files/ef-divra5y5642a/website/2/5432_bsi_poster_programme.pdf |
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المؤتمر (2): | |
عنوان المؤتمر: |
21st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS 2021) |
تاريخ الإنعقاد: |
08/06/2021 |
مكان الإنعقاد: |
USA |
طبيعة المشاركة: |
Poster presentation |
عنوان المشاركة: |
Mucosal immune response to a novel viral vectored candidate MERS vaccine and inactivated MERS-CoV antigens in human nasopharynx, and anti-MERS-CoV specific IgG antibodies in convalescent MERS sera |
ملخص المشاركة: |
Background: Currently, there is no licensed MERS-CoV vaccine. Viral vector-based MERS-CoV vaccine expressing surface Spike protein is a promising vaccine candidate, and has been shown to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in animal models. Human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) are known to be induction site for immunity against upper respiratory tract infection. Intranasal vaccination is an effective strategy against respiratory infection. There is currently limited data in mucosal immunity in NALT to MERS-CoV vaccines. Objectives: Our research aimed to evaluate mucosal immunity to a novel Chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing MERS-CoV Spike protein (ChAdOx1-MERS-CoV vaccine) and inactivated MERS-CoV antigens in NALT from both children and adults. Anti-MERS-CoV specific IgG antibody levels in convalescent MERS patient serum samples were also analysed. Methods: Adenotonsillar mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated and co-cultured with the ChAdOx1-MERS-CoV vaccine, Heat Inactivated or Irradiated-MERS-CoV antigens. An ELISA assay was used to measure anti-MERS-CoV specific IgG antibody production in adenotonsillar MNC culture supernatants as well as from serum samples taken from convalescent MERS patients. Results and Conclusion: Significant mucosal antibody responses in NALT were detected from both children (p< 0.001, n=20) and adults (p< 0.001, n=13), following stimulation by inactivated MERS-CoV antigens and ChAdOx1-MERS-CoV vaccine. Mucosal immunisation with adenovirus-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine may be a promising vaccination strategy against MERS-CoV infection. High level of anti-MERS-CoV IgG antibodies detected in convalescent MERS-CoV patient serum samples (p< 0.001, n=23) may suggest the development of protective humoral immunity following MERS-CoV infection in humans. |